This Special Issue of the Fourth World Journal focuses on Traditional Foods and Medicines, stemming from research conducted by scholars at the Center for World Indigenous Studies. These articles contribute to the global dialogue on applying traditional knowledge systems to critical problems faced by Fourth World peoples. The journal posits that without recognizing and systematically applying these diverse knowledge systems to the social, economic, political, cultural, and strategic issues of Fourth World communities, the general recognition of traditional knowledge will lack true meaning. As Activist Scholars, the contributors are dedicated to conducting research and analysis rooted in Fourth World Research Theory that offers near-term benefits to these communities. This Special Issue is a testament to that commitment.