Unregulated Corporate and State Capitalization of Nations’ Land: Stopping and Regulating Unrestricted Extractive Industry Resource Extractions in the Territories of Indigenous Nations
Rudolph C. Rÿser, PhD
Volume 21, Number 2 (2022) 21 (2): 69-102
Keywords “free, prior and informed consent”, raw materials, nation territories, unregulated, voluntary regulation
Abstract
The twenty-nine “less developed states” are rich with undeveloped oil and gas, mineral, land, water, metals, and food sources currently extracted for export by major raw materials extraction companies. The raw materials are located mainly inside or adjacent to the territories of more than 1,600 indigenous nations that have not given their consent for taking these materials by the companies or to the states. While the states and indigenous nations occupy the same territorial space and political space (and often nations’ territories are divided by states’ boundaries), the States claim sovereignty over all the land and resources. State assertions of sovereignty mean that the state government claims the authority to access and use nations’ territories and resources of the various nations to its benefit. If a state is weak (meaning it cannot govern its people, enforce its laws, and otherwise is governed corruptly), it becomes a logical target for company development. Asserting its sovereignty over all land and resources inside its claimed boundaries, the government of these southern hemisphere states facilitate transnational extractive corporations. Meanwhile, they take vast wealth at the expense of indigenous nations and ultimately benefit the state and commercial enterprises mainly located in northern hemisphere states.
This paper discusses how States and transnational extractive corporations engage in raw resource removal from indigenous nations’ territories without regulations or controls internationally or by the various states and nations. Meanwhile, the companies indirectly
or overtly perpetrate violence against indigenous nations, their economies, and the environment prompting the spread of conflicts and the commission of genocide.
Despite human rights violations, the United Nations and other state-based bodies do not impose international organization constraints. There remains no accountability for the destruction in communities, the environment, or economies. By implementing nation-based laws, Indigenous nations may be the only actors to stop the human and environmental carnage resulting from unregulated mining, forest cutting, and industrial food production. Furthermore, nation-based laws may also moderate unrestrained development of commercial and urban centers carried out in the name of improving the social, economic, and political lives of so-called “less developed” countries. Nation-based governance and laws are only possible if efforts to corrupt nations and divide them politically can be prevented.
Rudolph C. Rÿser, PhD
Published January 1, 2022
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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